The Chang Hon or "blue cottage" patterns are known for the combination of fast and slow, light and forceful movements together with extensive footwork. Chang Hon is the pen name of General Choi Hong Hi, founder of Taekwon-Do.
Pattern practice enables the student to go through many fundamental movements in series, to develop sparring techniques, improve flexibility of movements, master body shifting, build muscles and breath control, develop fluid and smooth motions, and gain rhythmical movements.
It also enables a student to acquire certain special techniques which cannot be obtained from either fundamental exercises or sparring. In short, a pattern can be compared with a unit tactic or a word, if fundamental movement is an individual soldier’s training or alphabet. Accordingly, pattern, the ledger of every movement, is a series of sparring, power, feats and characteristic beauty.
Though sparring may merely indicate that an opponent is more or less advanced, patterns are a more critical barometer in evaluating an individual’s technique.
1.Pattern should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This will indicate the performer’s accuracy.
2.Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.
3.Muscles of the body should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the exercise.
4.The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness.
5.Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in this book.
6.Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.
7.Students should know the purpose of each movement.
8.Students should perform each movement with realism.
9.Attack and defense techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet.
There are a total of twenty-four patterns in Taekwon-Do.
The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travelers who pass by the eternal years of an eon in a day.
It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way, gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material is not. Therefore, what we can do to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is, perhaps, the most important thing in our lives.
Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late 20th century.
The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life.
General Choi Hong Hi, Founder of Taekwon-Do
The name of the pattern, the number of movements, and the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolizes either heroic figures in Korean history or instances relating to historical events.
| Name | Meaning | Level |
| CHON-JI | means literally "the Heaven the
Earth". It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the
creation of the world or the beginning of human history,
therefore, it is the initial pattern played by the
beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts; one
to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth. It is said that the pattern was named after Lake Chon-Ji, a beautiful lake in North Korea with water so clear and calm that you can literally see the Heaven meeting the Earth. |
9th Gup |
| DAN-GUN | is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. | 8th Gup |
| DO-SAN | is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876-1938). The 24 movements represent his entire life which he devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement. | 7th Gup |
| WON-HYO | was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year of 686 A.D. | 6th Gup |
| YUL-GOK | is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536-1584) nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38o latitude and the diagram represents "scholar". | 5th Gup |
| JOONG-GUN | is named after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea- Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. Ahn’s age when he was executed at Lui-Shung prison (1910). | 4th Gup |
| TOI-GYE | is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37o latitude, the diagram represents "scholar". | 3rd Gup |
| HWA-RANG | is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group
which originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th
century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry
Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity. The meaning of this pattern sometimes causes confusion as it refers to two time periods, the Hwa-Rang youth group of the 7th century and the Korean 29th Infantry Division formed by General Choi in 1953. |
2nd Gup |
| CHOONG-MOO | was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Lee Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king. | 1st Gup |
| KWANG-GAE | Is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram (+) represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391 A.D., the year he came to the throne. | 1st Dan |
| PO-EUN | is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400) who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram ( – ) represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty. | 1st Dan |
| GE-BAEK | is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 A.D.). The diagram ( | ) represents his severe and strict military discipline. | 1st Dan |
| EUI-AM | is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements refer to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram ( | ) represents his indomitable spirit, displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation. | 2nd Dan |
| CHOONG-JANG | is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Lee Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left-hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity. | 2nd Dan |
| JUCHE | is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and decides everything, in other words, the idea that man is the master of the world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu Mountain which symbolizes the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram ( | ) represents Baekdu Mountain. | 2nd Dan |
| KO-DANG | is the pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who
dedicated his life to the independence movement and
education of Korea. The 39 movements of the pattern show
the number of times of his imprisonment as well as the
location of his birthplace on 39 degrees
latitude. Ko-Dang was replaced by Juche in the early 1980s, either in the year 1982 or 1983. |
2nd Dan |
| SAM-IL | denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement. | 3rd Dan |
| YOO-SIN | is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A. D., the year Korea was united. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn on the right rather than left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin’s mistake of following his king’s orders to fight with foreign forces against his own nation. | 3rd Dan |
| CHOI-YONG | is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later become the first king of the Lee Dynasty. | 3rd Dan |
| YON-GAE | is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somoon. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A. D., the Year he forced the Tang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 of their troops at Ansi Sung. | 4th Dan |
| UL-JI | is named after general Ul-Ji Moon Dok who successfully defended Korea against a Tang’s invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D., Ul-Ji employing hit and run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram ( L) represents his surname. The 42 movements represents the author’s age when he designed the pattern | 4th Dan |
| MOON-MOO | honors the 30th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King’s Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese." It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne. | 4th Dan |
| SO-SAN | is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyong Ung (1520-1604) during the Lee Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592. | 5th Dan |
| SE-JONG | is named after the greatest Korean king, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram (Z) represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet. | 5th Dan |
| TONG-IL | denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been divided since 1945. The diagram ( | ) symbolizes the homogenous race. | 6th Dan |